Gender biases in estimation of others' pain.
Identifieur interne : 000020 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000019; suivant : 000021Gender biases in estimation of others' pain.
Auteurs : Lanlan Zhang ; Elizabeth A. Reynolds Losin ; Yoni K. Ashar ; Leonie Koban [France] ; Tor D. Wager [États-Unis]Source :
- The journal of pain [ 1528-8447 ] ; 2021.
Abstract
Caregiving and other interpersonal interactions often require accurate perception of others' pain from nonverbal cues, but perceivers may be subject to systematic biases based on gender, race, and other contextual factors. Such biases could contribute to systematic under-recognition and under-treatment of pain. In two experiments, we studied the impact of perceived patient sex on lay perceivers' pain estimates and treatment recommendations. In Experiment 1 (N = 50), perceivers viewed facial video clips of female and male patients in chronic shoulder pain and estimated patients' pain intensity. Multi-level linear modeling revealed that perceivers under-estimated female patients' pain compared with male patients, after controlling for patients' self-reported pain and pain facial expressiveness. Experiment 2 (N = 200) replicated these findings, and additionally found that 1) perceivers' pain-related gender stereotypes, specifically beliefs about typical women's vs. men's willingness to express pain, predicted pain estimation biases; and 2) perceivers judged female patients as relatively more likely to benefit from psychotherapy, whereas male patients were judged to benefit more from pain medicine. In both experiments, the gender bias effect size was on average 2.45 points on a 0-100 pain scale. Gender biases in pain estimation may be an obstacle to effective pain care, and experimental approaches to characterizing biases, such as the one we tested here, could inform the development of interventions to reduce such biases. PERSPECTIVE: This study identifies a bias towards underestimation of pain in female patients, which is related to gender stereotypes. The findings suggest caregivers' or even clinicians' pain stereotypes are a potential target for intervention.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.03.001
PubMed: 33684539
Affiliations:
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Ashar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Weill Cornell Medical College</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koban, Leonie" sort="Koban, Leonie" uniqKey="Koban L" first="Leonie" last="Koban">Leonie Koban</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Paris Brain Institute, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wager, Tor D" sort="Wager, Tor D" uniqKey="Wager T" first="Tor D" last="Wager">Tor D. Wager</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College. Electronic address: Tor.D.Wager@Dartmouth.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33684539</idno><idno type="pmid">33684539</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jpain.2021.03.001</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000001</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000001</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000001</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000001</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000001</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Gender biases in estimation of others' pain.</title><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Lanlan" sort="Zhang, Lanlan" uniqKey="Zhang L" first="Lanlan" last="Zhang">Lanlan Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Leisure Sport and Management, Guangzhou Sport University.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Guangzhou Sport University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reynolds Losin, Elizabeth A" sort="Reynolds Losin, Elizabeth A" uniqKey="Reynolds Losin E" first="Elizabeth A" last="Reynolds Losin">Elizabeth A. Reynolds Losin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Miami.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">University of Miami</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ashar, Yoni K" sort="Ashar, Yoni K" uniqKey="Ashar Y" first="Yoni K" last="Ashar">Yoni K. Ashar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Weill Cornell Medical College</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koban, Leonie" sort="Koban, Leonie" uniqKey="Koban L" first="Leonie" last="Koban">Leonie Koban</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Paris Brain Institute, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wager, Tor D" sort="Wager, Tor D" uniqKey="Wager T" first="Tor D" last="Wager">Tor D. Wager</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College. Electronic address: Tor.D.Wager@Dartmouth.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The journal of pain</title><idno type="eISSN">1528-8447</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Caregiving and other interpersonal interactions often require accurate perception of others' pain from nonverbal cues, but perceivers may be subject to systematic biases based on gender, race, and other contextual factors. Such biases could contribute to systematic under-recognition and under-treatment of pain. In two experiments, we studied the impact of perceived patient sex on lay perceivers' pain estimates and treatment recommendations. In Experiment 1 (N = 50), perceivers viewed facial video clips of female and male patients in chronic shoulder pain and estimated patients' pain intensity. Multi-level linear modeling revealed that perceivers under-estimated female patients' pain compared with male patients, after controlling for patients' self-reported pain and pain facial expressiveness. Experiment 2 (N = 200) replicated these findings, and additionally found that 1) perceivers' pain-related gender stereotypes, specifically beliefs about typical women's vs. men's willingness to express pain, predicted pain estimation biases; and 2) perceivers judged female patients as relatively more likely to benefit from psychotherapy, whereas male patients were judged to benefit more from pain medicine. In both experiments, the gender bias effect size was on average 2.45 points on a 0-100 pain scale. Gender biases in pain estimation may be an obstacle to effective pain care, and experimental approaches to characterizing biases, such as the one we tested here, could inform the development of interventions to reduce such biases. PERSPECTIVE: This study identifies a bias towards underestimation of pain in female patients, which is related to gender stereotypes. The findings suggest caregivers' or even clinicians' pain stereotypes are a potential target for intervention.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33684539</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>08</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1528-8447</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Mar</Month><Day>05</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The journal of pain</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Pain</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Gender biases in estimation of others' pain.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1526-5900(21)00035-3</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.jpain.2021.03.001</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Caregiving and other interpersonal interactions often require accurate perception of others' pain from nonverbal cues, but perceivers may be subject to systematic biases based on gender, race, and other contextual factors. Such biases could contribute to systematic under-recognition and under-treatment of pain. In two experiments, we studied the impact of perceived patient sex on lay perceivers' pain estimates and treatment recommendations. In Experiment 1 (N = 50), perceivers viewed facial video clips of female and male patients in chronic shoulder pain and estimated patients' pain intensity. Multi-level linear modeling revealed that perceivers under-estimated female patients' pain compared with male patients, after controlling for patients' self-reported pain and pain facial expressiveness. Experiment 2 (N = 200) replicated these findings, and additionally found that 1) perceivers' pain-related gender stereotypes, specifically beliefs about typical women's vs. men's willingness to express pain, predicted pain estimation biases; and 2) perceivers judged female patients as relatively more likely to benefit from psychotherapy, whereas male patients were judged to benefit more from pain medicine. In both experiments, the gender bias effect size was on average 2.45 points on a 0-100 pain scale. Gender biases in pain estimation may be an obstacle to effective pain care, and experimental approaches to characterizing biases, such as the one we tested here, could inform the development of interventions to reduce such biases. PERSPECTIVE: This study identifies a bias towards underestimation of pain in female patients, which is related to gender stereotypes. The findings suggest caregivers' or even clinicians' pain stereotypes are a potential target for intervention.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Lanlan</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Leisure Sport and Management, Guangzhou Sport University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reynolds Losin</LastName><ForeName>Elizabeth A</ForeName><Initials>EA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Miami.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ashar</LastName><ForeName>Yoni K</ForeName><Initials>YK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koban</LastName><ForeName>Leonie</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wager</LastName><ForeName>Tor D</ForeName><Initials>TD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College. Electronic address: Tor.D.Wager@Dartmouth.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>05</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Pain</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>100898657</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1526-5900</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Sex</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">gendergender bias</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">pain estimation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">pain treatment recommendations</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">pain-related gender role expectation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">stereotypes</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>02</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>30</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2021</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>01</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>20</Hour><Minute>11</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33684539</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1526-5900(21)00035-3</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.jpain.2021.03.001</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Paris</li></settlement></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Ashar, Yoni K" sort="Ashar, Yoni K" uniqKey="Ashar Y" first="Yoni K" last="Ashar">Yoni K. Ashar</name><name sortKey="Reynolds Losin, Elizabeth A" sort="Reynolds Losin, Elizabeth A" uniqKey="Reynolds Losin E" first="Elizabeth A" last="Reynolds Losin">Elizabeth A. Reynolds Losin</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Lanlan" sort="Zhang, Lanlan" uniqKey="Zhang L" first="Lanlan" last="Zhang">Lanlan Zhang</name></noCountry><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Koban, Leonie" sort="Koban, Leonie" uniqKey="Koban L" first="Leonie" last="Koban">Leonie Koban</name></region></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wager, Tor D" sort="Wager, Tor D" uniqKey="Wager T" first="Tor D" last="Wager">Tor D. Wager</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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